Publications

Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University SIPA · Policy report

A global assessment of how fast heavy industry has to decarbonize to keep the Paris targets within reach, and what that asks of policy and investment. The headline is stark: the pace has to roughly triple, every new plant in advanced economies and China needs to be near-zero by 2030, and the carbon prices and capital required run well beyond today's. It lands as a set of practical guidelines for governments, industry, and finance.

Energy Policy, vol. 211, art. 115124 · Peer-reviewed

This peer-reviewed study asks what it would take for US steel to reach net zero by 2050, and answers with IndustryPath, the Subtext Systems facility-level model spanning thousands of plants across 137 countries, rather than a single national average. Its central finding is that the United States could be among the first countries to decarbonize steel with technology that already exists, but how fast that happens, and where the capital lands, depends heavily on how open US trade policy stays. The paper is direct that support policies like the Inflation Reduction Act will not carry the transition on their own, and that demand-side and trade measures have to do part of the work.